Surgery

Canadian researchers have evaluated the changes in cancer surgical volume in Ontario during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy is associated with less pain, fewer in-hospital complications, and shorter hospital stays compared with open lobectomy for early-stage lung cancer, data from the VIOLET study indicate.

People who undergo bariatric surgery have a lower long-term risk for mortality, but a higher risk for adverse events such as gastrointestinal and nutritional disorders, compared with those who do not undergo surgery, researchers report.

Partial knee replacement is more cost-effective than total knee replacement over 5 years for patients with late-stage isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee, show results of the TOPKAT trial published in The Lancet.

The US FDA has approved a diagnostic test to aid detection of infections in the synovial fluid surrounding prosthetic joints in patients being considered for revision surgery.

Analysis of two US administrative databases indicates that glucocorticoid use is associated with a dose-dependent increase in postoperative infection risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing elective total knee or hip replacement.

The authors of a systematic review and meta-analysis have identified several modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for falls following hip or knee replacement.

All-cause and prostate cancer-specific mortality rates remain comparable over nearly 2 decades of follow-up among men with early prostate cancer regardless of whether they undergo radical prostatectomy or observation, the PIVOT trial shows.

Three chart reviews shed light on various aspects of surgery for oral cavity cancer, including the definition of an optimal surgical margin, postsurgical opioid use, and survival after salvage surgery.

Patients who undergo surgical resection of abdominal visceral melanoma metastases have significantly better overall survival than those who do not, and the outcome is not greatly improved by modern systemic treatments, study findings indicate.

Patients are less likely to complete radiotherapy for rectal adenocarcinoma if treatment is performed at a different facility to their surgery, US study data show.

Results of a randomized trial published in JAMA suggest that infusion of fibrinogen concentrate does not reduce intraoperative blood loss during high-risk cardiac surgery.

Patients with rectal cancer undergoing laparoscopic rectal resection have a significantly higher risk for achieving a noncomplete mesorectal excision than do those undergoing open rectal resection, meta-analysis data show.

Ischemic conditioning has no effect on the risk of all-cause mortality in patients undergoing invasive procedures, results of a meta-analysis suggest.

Tranexamic acid reduces the risk of bleeding in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery without increasing the risk of death or thrombotic complications, results of the placebo-controlled ATACAS trial suggest.

Five-year outcomes are similar in patients undergoing coronary-artery bypass grafting performed with cardiopulmonary bypass versus a beating-heart technique, results of the CORONARY trial suggest.

Research published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology suggests that lobectomy, rather than limited resection, should be the treatment of choice for all suitable early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer patients.

The relationship between age and mortality after cardiac surgery is exponential rather than linear, with the greatest risk occurring in patients aged 75 years and older, research shows.

Severely obese patients have longer hospital stays after coronary artery bypass grafting than patients with normal body mass index, which may be due to their increased infection risk, Canadian researchers report.

Research suggests that prompt surgical intervention may maximise the chances of patients with early-onset Type 2 diabetes achieving remission.