Nephrology

Rates of hospitalization and mortality are increased in people with type 2 diabetes who also have heart failure or chronic kidney disease, and more so if they have both conditions, say researchers.

A prespecified analysis of data from the DAPA-CKD trial suggests that add-on treatment with dapagliflozin slows decline in renal function among patients with chronic kidney disease irrespective of the underlying etiology.

The primary findings of the DAPA-CKD trial show that dapagliflozin significantly slows decline in kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease irrespective of whether they have type 2 diabetes.

People with type 2 diabetes treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have a lower risk for serious renal adverse events than those given dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, indicate results from a Scandinavian real-world study.

Patients with type 2 diabetes who are treated with SGLT2 inhibitors in routine clinical practice have a lower rate of kidney function decline and a reduced risk for adverse renal events compared with those given other glucose-lowering drugs, researchers report.

The endothelin receptor antagonist atrasentan may reduce the risk for kidney disease progression among certain high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, indicate findings from the SONAR trial.

Patients with diabetic kidney disease have become less likely to have albuminuria but more likely to have a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate over recent years, shows an analysis of NHANES data.

Patients with atrial fibrillation and declining renal function are at increased risk of subsequent stroke or systemic embolism, major bleeding and death, US researchers report.

The sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin slows renal progression and averts clinical events, shows further analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial.

Unrecognised renal insufficiency is common among patients with acute stroke and is associated with a significantly increased risk of in-hospital mortality or severe disability at discharge, say researchers.

Steeper declines in renal function over time are associated with greater increases in the risk of major cardiovascular events among patients with Type 2 diabetes, research shows.

Chronic kidney disease does not accentuate the decline in health status often experienced by patients after acute myocardial infarction, US study data show.

High levels of sodium excretion are associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), US study findings indicate.

A South Korean research team has identified several clinical and medical factors associated with renal function decline in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection treated with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues.

Treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor axitinib does not adversely affect renal function in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma even in the presence of proteinuria, a Japanese study indicates.

For patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, sequential tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy may be better option than changing to a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, research suggests.

A pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model shows that diastolic blood pressure rises with increasing doses of axitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, US researchers report, although this relationship is not linear.

Statin use at the time of surgery is associated with improved overall survival and disease-specific survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma of any stage, US researchers report.

The survival benefit of cytoreductive nephrectomy when used in conjunction with targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma depends on the number of preoperative risk factors a patient carries, study findings indicate.

Tumour necrosis factor - α appears to play a key role in the promotion of invasion and metastasis in clear cell renal cell carcinomas, Japanese study findings indicate.