The independent medical news service

Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focal ultrasound therapy is a feasible treatment for grade group 2–3 prostate cancer, indicate phase 2b trial findings published in The Lancet Oncology.

High tumor mutational burden is associated with a better response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in people with non-small-cell lung cancer across all levels of PD-L1 expression, US researchers report.

The risk of relapse after treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia has decreased in the past 3 decades but the likelihood of successful treatment of relapse has not improved, suggests a review of three Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology clinical trials.

This independent news story was supported by an educational grant from L’Institut Servier, Suresnes, France.

The ENACT trial has demonstrated a significantly reduced risk for progression with the use of enzalutamide in men with low- or intermediate-risk localized prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance.

The USPSTF continues to recommend against the use of beta carotene and vitamin E for the primary prevention of cancer or cardiovascular disease in its updated 2022 recommendations, and maintains that the evidence is insufficient to assess the benefit–risk balance for the use of single- or paired-nutrient and multivitamin supplements.

Patients with advanced ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer derive prolonged progression-free survival from first-line treatment with lorlatinib regardless of the presence of brain metastases, post-hoc analyses indicate.

The latest findings from the CheckMate 9ER trial show that the combination of nivolumab plus cabozantinib continues to offer superior survival to that of sunitinib for patients with treatment-naïve advanced renal cell carcinoma after a median follow-up of 32.9 months.

Women with extremely dense breasts and a high breast cancer risk have a lower risk for advanced cancer when screened by digital breast tomosynthesis than digital mammography, US study findings indicate.

Maintenance treatment with avelumab improves the long-term outcomes of advanced urothelial cancer patients regardless of their response to first-line chemotherapy and receipt of second-line therapy, suggest exploratory analyses of the JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial.

Circulating tumor DNA monitoring for minimal residual disease can identify patients at risk for distant relapse more than 5 years after diagnosis of high-risk, stage II–III hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, research shows.

Methylation levels of cell-free DNA in pretreatment plasma samples from people with muscle-invasive bladder cancer may predict pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, suggests an analysis of prospective SWOG S1314 data.

Radiotherapy may not be necessary for patients with the luminal A breast cancer intrinsic subtype and a low clinical risk for recurrence, report the LUMINA investigators.

Adding capivasertib to fulvestrant significantly improves survival in patients with aromatase inhibitor resistant, estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer, particularly those with PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN alterations, FAKTION data show.

Ramucirumab plus pembrolizumab significantly improves overall survival versus standard of care in people with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with immunotherapy and chemotherapy, phase 2 Lung-MAP Protocol substudy data show.

The neoadjuvant combination of nivolumab and chemotherapy elicits a significantly higher pathologic complete response rate than chemotherapy alone in people with resectable stage IIIA–B non-small-cell lung cancer, shows the phase 2 NADIM II study.

An updated analysis of the ENZAMET trial confirms earlier findings that adding enzalutamide to testosterone suppression provides statistically and clinically meaningful survival improvements in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

French researchers have identified an association between detectable plasma levels of acetaminophen and poor outcomes in people receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced cancer.

Adding tiragolumab to atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide provides no additional progression-free or overall survival benefit to patients with untreated extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer, phase 3 study data show.

Trastuzumab deruxtecan significantly improves the survival outcomes of previously treated patients with HER2-low metastatic breast cancer relative to standard chemotherapy, show DESTINY-Breast04 data.

Patients with metastatic breast cancer who progress during combination treatment with a CDK4/6 inhibitor and endocrine therapy may benefit from switching endocrine therapy and combining it with ribociclib, MAINTAIN study findings indicate.